I've followed this thread since my last post but refrained from posting for a few reasons. The main reason was because I was lacking the enthusiasm to form a coherent post and the more I delayed it, the more there was that I wanted to comment on, leading to further procrastination.
Might aswell get it done, really long post ahead. I've spent a long time on this post and feel it is relevant to this thread. If mods disagree, please message me why.
I would like to make it clear once again that
I AM FOR the building of this Muslim centre near Ground Zero. We can not become like Islamic states and became dictators concerning religion, people are entitled to practice their faith, no matter how much we disagree with their beliefs. I just want to highlight the error in branding Islam a peaceful religion and the error of claims that terrorism within Islam derives from extremism.
Concerning my post and when I quote the Qur'an:
Please note with the Qur'an that Islam states that it should not be translated from Arabic. This is because the belief that translation from Arabic leaves the Qur'an, believed to be the literal word of Allah front to back, open to corruption.
That said the Qur'an has been translated by respected Muslims. When I quote the Qur'an I'm using a summarized version of At-Tabari, Al-Qurtubi and Ibn Kathir with comments from Sahih Al Bukhari which has been summarized in one volume and translated by Dr Muhammad Taqi-ud Din Al-Hilali and Dr Muhammad Muhsin Khan. Different translators may utilise different terminology.
The Qur'an also does not hold universal structuring of its verses. This means that for example Surah 23:14 might differ in different translations. This is because of the translators discrepancy when translating the Arabic and how they structure it. Please keep these facts in mind when I quote the Qur'an. Furthermore, unlike the Bible, the Qur'an is not structured chronologically but by the length of the Surahs with the longest first and shortest last.
Finally, I will also refer to the Hadiths within my post. The Hadiths are commentaries concerning the Qur'an that are often essential to understanding the context of the Qur'an. They are held in extremely high esteem within Islam and the highest regarded Hadith is that of al-Bukhari.
I apologise for any mis-quotes, I have tried to ensure I quoted everything accurately.
I think you are over-emphasizing the role of a religion in what is essentially a politically motivated conflict.
I think you are over-emphasizing the role of politics in what is essentially a religiously motivated conflict.
That said, you have to remember the political influence of Islam in Islamic states. Islam IS the law. Islam is not merely a religion (and I use the term religion loosely) but forms the laws and practices that all the inhabitants of that state must adhere to, Muslim or not. Not complying with Sharia law leads to punishment and death. Islam dictates every aspect of life.
We've clashed over this topic before. You may have had a strong religious background that shaped your view, but for me, my background makes me view things politically, and nothing that I've seen suggests that religion is anything more than an accessory in this issue. Religion has a habit of taking the main focus because it has the power to trigger people emotionally, and for that reason alone it can't be underestimated, but that emotional reaction also has a way of obscuring the underlying motives of the key players in a conflict.
I remember our discussion and I remember we echoed the same sentiments we are putting forth now. My religious background doesn't change that what we are experiencing in the world today stems directly from the clash between Islamic principles and the Judeo-Christian principles of the West.
Religion is not an accessory to this issue, religion is the issue. Let me put this into context.
As I stated earlier, within Islam, Muhammed is considered to be the pinnacle of human nature, he embodied what every Muslim should strive to emulate to be. But don't just take my words for it, take these words for example;
Safi-ur-Rahman al-Mubarakpuri wrote in his biography of Muhammad
Ar-Raheeq Al-Makhtum (The Sealed Nectar):
the Prophet combined both perfection of creation and perfection of manners...The Prophet is the most just, the most decent, the most truthful at speech, and the honestest [sic] of all.
Safi-ur-Rahman al-Mubarakpuri won first prize in an international Muhammad biography comptetition held in Mecca in 1979. But why just take the words of Safi-ur-Rahman al-Mubarakpuri? Let us take the words of Allah himself according to the Qur'an:
Qur'an 33:21
Indeed in the messenger of Allah (Muhammad) you have a good example to follow for him who hopes in (the Meeting with) Allah and the Last Day, and remembereth Allah much.
Qur'an 68:4
And verily, you (O Muhammad) are on an exalted standard of character.
Qur'an 4:80
He who obeys the Messenger (Muhammad), has indeed obeyed Allah, but he who turns away, then we have not sent you (O Muhammad) as a watcher over them.
The Qur'an repeatedly instructs Muslims to obey Muhammad
3:32, 3:132, 4:13, 4:59, 4:69, 5:92, 8:1, 8:20, 8:46, 9:71, 24:47, 24:51, 24:52, 24:54, 24:56, 33:33, 47:33, 49:14, 58:13, 64:12
Why did I quote all this? To illustrate that Muslims today strive to emulate Muhammad within all aspects of life.
Muhammad advocated violence. It is therefore natural that Muslims that strive to emulate Muhammad will echo the perspective that violence is a legitimate means of action. The actions of Islamic terrorists are not the consequence of political influences or other circumstances, but ultimately the words and actions of Muhammad hold the most weight towards their belief that terrorism is a legitimate course of action.
Mukhlas, involved in the 2002 Bali bombings stated:
You who still have a shred of faith in your hearts, have you forgotten that to kill infidels and the enemies of Islam is a deed that has a reward above no other....Aren't you aware that the model for us all, the Prophet Mohammed and the four rightful caliphs, undertook to murder infidels as one of their primary activities, and that the Prophet waged jihad operations 77 times in the first 10 years as head of the Muslim community in Medina?
But why just take the words of a terrorist, who Islamic apologists would state has been fundamentalised?
The Battle of Badr is just one example of Muhammad participating in battle against non Muslims, namely the Quraysh, the pagan Arabs of Mecca and the tribe Muhammad belonged to. Let us take the instructions Allah gave Muhammad at that time:
Qur'an 47:4-6
4 So, when you meet (in fight - Jihad in Allah's cause), those who disbelieve smite at their necks till when you have killed and wounded them, then bind a bond firmly (on them i.e. take them as captives). Thereafter (is the time) either for generosity (i.e. free them without ransom), or ransom (according to what benefits Islam), until the war lays down its burden. Thus [you are ordered by Allah to continue in carrying out Jihad against the disbelievers till they embrace Islam (i.e. are saved from the punishment in the Hell-Fire) or at least come under your protection], but if it had been Allah's Will, He Himself could certainly have punished them (without you). But (He lets you fight), in order to test you, some with others. But those who are killed in the Way of Allah, He will never let their deeds be lost,
5 He will guide them and set right their state.
6 And admit them to Paradise which He has made known to them (i.e. they will know their places in Paradise more than they used to know their houses in the world).
There is no ambiguity. Muhammad told his followers to behead the non Muslims. Jihadists today regularly behead captives, fulfilling Muhammad's instructions. The passage also shows that the reward for committing Jihad is eternal salvation. This is where Jihadists get their ideology. Not from Osama Bin Laden, Al Qaeda or any other ''extremist'' group, but from the Qur'an itself.
The reward of Jihad is again highlighted in the Hadiths.
Sahih al-Bukhari 1.35, also Sahih al-Bukhari 4.386
Narrated Abu Huraira:
The Prophet said, "The person who participates in (Holy battles) in Allah's cause and nothing compels him to do so except belief in Allah and His Apostles, will be recompensed by Allah either with a reward, or booty (if he survives) or will be admitted to Paradise (if he is killed in the battle as a martyr). Had I not found it difficult for my followers, then I would not remain behind any sariya going for Jihad and I would have loved to be martyred in Allah's cause and then made alive, and then martyred and then made alive, and then again martyred in His cause."
Again why am I quoting all this? To demonstrate that Islamic terrorists are not motivated primarily by political motives but by religion. Religion is the issue.
Earlier in the thread you and SuperBowser pointed out that Jihad has two meanings, the political violent definition and the internal struggle aspect. Let us put these two conflicting definitions of the word into context.
Within the West arguably one of the most cited verses in the Qur'an is the following verse
Qur'an 2:256
There is no compulsion in religion.
Islamic apologists state that this verse serves to demonstrate how peaceful and accepting Islam is and that Jihad is for extreme circumstances. Such a view is flawed. Muhammad recited this verse appealing to the Jews of Khaybar, which is an oasis north of Medina. Muhammad was appealling to the Jews so that they might accept his prophetic status. When they explained that they did not deem Muhammad a prophet, Muhammad recieved this revelation:
Qur'an 2:89
And when there came to them (the Jews), a Book (this Qur'an) from Allah confirming what is with them (the Torah and the Gospel), although aforetime they had invoked Allah (for coming of Muhammad) in order to gain victory over those who disbelieved, then when there came to them that which they had recognised, they disbelieved in it. So let the Curse of Allah be on the disbelievers.
Indeed if we just read on after Qur'an 2:256 we read that
Qur'an 2:257
Allah is the Wali (Protector or Guardian) of those who believe. He brings them out from darkness into light. But as far as those who disbelieve their Auliya (supporters and helpers) are Taghut [false deities and false leaders, etc.], they bring them out from light into darkness. Those are the dwellers of the Fire, and they will abide therein forever.
Furthermore within Islam, there exists the concept of abrogation. Abrogation states that later revelations within the Qur'an that contradict earlier revelations are correct. That is to say, Muslims must adhere to the new revelation and diregard the earlier revelation, since the new revelation is more correct.
When Muhammad started his prophetic career after his initial, supposedly divine revelations in Mecca his rhetoric was full of peaceful messages. In Mecca, Muhammad struggled to gain followers with his peaceful words and went to Medina where his following increased. It was then that he returned to Mecca with a large army with far harsher sentiments. He commanded the indigenous pagan Arabs and Jewish tribes of Mecca either convert to Islam, subjugate themselves to Muhammad's rule or die. In summary, his peaceful words only existed when he wasn't in a position of power. As soon as Muhammad gained support and power those peaceful words were replaced by death threats and dictatorship qualities.
Muhammad's orders are clear;
Qur'an 9:29
Fight against those who (1) believe not in Allah, (2) nor in the Last Day, (3) nor forbid that which has been forbidden by Allah and His Messenger (4) and those who acknowledge not the religion of truth (i.e. Islam) among the people of the Scripture (Jews and Christians), until they pay the Jizya (tax for non Muslims) with willing submission, and feel themselves subdued.
Muhammad could not have been any clearer. In reality, there is compulsion of religion within Islam and failing to meet this compulsion leads to either submission or death. Surah 9 of the Qur'an is one of the last revelations given to Muhammad, thereby abrogating past peaceful revelations.
Furthermore, Muhammad clearly states that Jihad, the violent Jihad, is the second best deed any man can do:
Sahih Bukhari 1.25, Sahih Bukhari 1.51, Sahih Bukhari 2.594
Narrated Abu Huraira:
Allah's Apostle was asked, "What is the best deed?" He replied, "To believe in Allah and His Apostle (Muhammad). The questioner then asked, "What is the next (in goodness)? He replied, "To participate in Jihad (religious fighting) in Allah's Cause." The questioner again asked, "What is the next (in goodness)?" He replied, "To perform Hajj (Pilgrim age to Mecca) 'Mubrur, (which is accepted by Allah and is performed with the intention of seeking Allah's pleasure only and not to show off and without committing a sin and in accordance with the traditions of the Prophet)."
Islam can not reconcile the concept of Jihad with the ideology of an internal struggle. To do so would be against Allah's Will as stated by the Qur'an and Muhammad.
The Muslim world, with regards to the political jihad, is at war with itself. The failure of leadership here is the failure of leaders to stand up and defend their followers from things like oppression and bigotry. When there is a power vacuum and people feel persecuted, the stage is set for another party to step in and take command. And if that new leadership offers strength that the old one could not, people will follow the new leaders because these are the guys who will stand up for them. From that, people will be enlisted to carry out the new leadership's political agendas.
I am not ignoring other influences. Jihad is undoubtedly fuelled by other factors apart from religious doctrine, such as the US invasion of Afghanistan and Iraq, the US continually flirting with conflict with Iran, the Israeli Palestinian conflict and the perception of the ethnocentric nature Western society being at odds with Islamic states.
But religious doctrine is the primary justification of Jihad for nothing holds more importance in Islam than Allah, Muhammad and the Qur'an. Their belief that Jihad is legitimate derives directly from Allah and Muhammad's actions derived from the Qur'an and Hadiths. Muhammad is an inspiration to these people, they long to emulate him. They take pride in it.
Edit: I don't think Islam will re-evaluate "itself," if by "itself" you are referring to the religious text itself. Texts evaluate nothing. People evaluate text, and as you said, there is a spectrum in every religion, and there is a spectrum among Muslims. What a religion is is what its practitioners take it to be. Here, the practitioners are divided.
As I stated earlier Islam is extremely unwilling to change with society. This is because as I stated earlier, Islam regards the Qur'an to be the literal word of Allah, front to back. That is why the practices of Muslims that were with Muhammad in the 7th century are being replicated exactly today.
This extends to all aspects of Islam. For example, Muhammad's marriage with Aisha who was 9 at the time of marriage and when the marriage was consummated is still used as legitimacy for grown men, as old as 90 to marry girls below 10 years of age today within the Islamic world.
Fair enough N9NE. It sucks your family had to go through that. I asked that question because it gives perspective to your posts
We were blessed to escape that situation. I'm Assyrian and our people pre date even Christ and the emergence of Christianity. Many Assyrians in Iraq have been killed for their faith. Our civilization, nation, identity and very existence has been wiped out by the emergence of Islam.
I understand you were asking about my life experience to gain insight into my perspective. I hope you didn't misunderstand my tone and felt that I was annoyed, I wasn't. I was just highlighting that regardless of my experience that doesn't change anything of importance.
Because the Qu'ran is a large book and context is important and it is therefore open to more than one (literal) interpretation.
God wasn't exactly the nicest guy in the Old Testament. Teran's post gives us one example: the Bible can and has been used to advocate the murder of gay people. This abhorrent crime has taken place in the past and continues taking place today under the veil of religion. Can we really say those who commit these acts did not follow their religious text? This explicit command is repeated more than once.
Context is important, I fully agree with you. If one takes the entire context of the Bible, it is practically impossible for a credible Christian to commit acts such as the killing of homosexuals. Why is this? This is because if one takes into context the entire Bible, one acknowledges Christ came to advocate that the law of the Old Testament is to be perfected through Him.
Matthew 5:43-48
"You have heard that it was said, 'Love your neighbor and hate your enemy.' But I tell you: Love your enemies and pray for those who persecute you, that you may be sons of your Father in heaven. He causes his sun to rise on the evil and the good, and sends rain on the righteous and the unrighteous. If you love those who love you, what reward will you get? Are not even the tax collectors doing that? And if you greet only your brothers, what are you doing more than others? Do not even pagans do that? Be perfect, therefore, as your heavenly Father is perfect.
Christ was love and mercy. Unlike Muhammad, he did not behead his enemies but he loved them. He did not subjugate them but elevated them.
People do violence in the name of Christianity, but this is at total odds with the message of Christ. People that do violence in the name of Islam are in total agreement with the message of Muhammad. There is a stark, stark contrast.
I implore you to look into Islam and understand it for what it is and not for what it is branded as to a Western audience.