Persona 3 Arcana List (Pics are straight off the wiki)
Fool - SEES (Collective Group that refers to the main characters). Notably, the Default Arcana of the Main Protagonist.
Magician - Kenji Tomochika - Weird kid who has a thing for cougars. Haven't really progressed this social link at all because he weird me out.
Priestess - Fuuka Yamagishi - Main support character for the party, doesn't participate in battle. Her Persona is Lucia at the beginning, then Juno. Functions largely as an Oracle, is someone I might expect in a Doctor role.
Empress - Mitsuru Kirijo - Another main character, leads a very secluded life before opening up to the other members of the group as the story progresses. Rather cold and aloof, initially.
Emperor - Hidetoshi Odagiri - Relatively minor character, student council president. Initially power-hungry, but as the protag builds their friendship he realizes his error and starts working to build trust.
Hierophant - Bunkichi and Mitsuko - Old Couple that run the bookstore. Mourning the death of their son. Haven't quite maxed this one yet, so not sure how the relationship pans out.
Lovers - Yukari Takeba - Main character. Functions as your primary healer for the majority of the game, another character I could see in a Protective Role.
Chariot - Kazushi Miyamoto - Relatively minor, sports team companion who has leg trouble he tries to overcome because he promised his.... brother he'd win a national. Been a while since I maxed it.
Justice - Chihiro Fushimi - Student council treasurer, romance option for male MC. Relatively minor character.
Hermit - Maya/Isako Torumi - Player of an online game whom you later find out is a teacher at your school.
Fortune - Keisuke Hiraga - Art/Music/Photography club leader who struggles with an internal conflict between following in his father's footsteps as a Doctor, or pursuing that club passion. Eventually settles on Doctor. Expectation should be obvious.
Strength - Yuko Nishiwaki - Sports Team Assistant Manager. Romance option for protag. Relatively minor.
Hanged - Maiko Oohashi - Elementary Schooler caught up in parent's divorce. Minor character.
Ran out of time for the moment, check this **** for more. Note that the links vary for female protag.
http://megamitensei.wikia.com/wiki/Social_Link