<3
instructions i give to people learning how to squat for the first time:
1. feet slightly outside shoulder width
2. toes slightly pointed outwards (10-15 degrees)
3. try and bring your shoulders as close to your *** as possible (chest and *** out, lower back inward)
4. push your *** out as you bend your knees, like you're trying to sit on something that is too far behind you
5. weight stays on your heels
6. continue down until you're pelvis is just about to tilt (i'll talk about this later)
7. return to initial stance
depth is a matter of opinion. i am yet to be convinced that squatting after the pelvis has tilted can be done safely, so I teach people to stop just before this. Compare:
notice how in image 1, his ***/lower back are still upright, but in image 2, his *** has 'tucked under' his lower back, and is no longer aligned. imo this is too low, as this causes excess pressure on the l5-s1 disc, and surrounding vessels (i found evidence on this ages ago, could probably find it when i've got time). so i never recommend going that low with a load (don't mind deep squatting without a load, though).
not to mention that you don't really need strength from an *** to grass position, as you're never functionally in that position.
should also mention that this means i recommend everyone to squat to a slightly different position to others, depending on the natural flexibility of their lower back and pelvis (most people hang around parallel, though).
i'm such a physio lol.
as far as hand position is concerned, i don't think it matters an overly large amount. i go slightly outside shoulder width, but that's because i feel comfortable there more than anything else. never really looked into it.
one trick that i find extremely helpful in teaching people correct squatting technique (without a load) is to squat in front of a wall, with toes about 5 cms away from the wall. you'll find that if you don't slide your *** back, or don't put your weight on your toes, you'll fall over. really good way of getting things right from the get go.
or if you've got a workout partner, get them to put their fingers under the ball of your foot when you're squatting. you either have to slide your *** back and push through your heels, or crush their fingers; it is a really good way to get people to squat well.
also, the bar on the chest is a 'front squat', which is a more difficult (and arguably better) squat variation. we'll stick to back squats for now.
hope that helps.