Hexagon patterns are used in boardgames because it removes the distinction between linear and diagonal movement. It creates a board where every adjacent space is the same distance from the space your on to any space it connects with, which is untrue of standard square-based tiles. It's not an aesthetic choice, but a gameplay one.
As an aesthetic choice, the Hexagon pattern is insanely overused in Sci Fi, particularly Sci Fi relating to computers or computer technology. Both Halo and Mass Effect make liberal use of the Hexagon pattern on tactile holographic displays. It's overused to such a degree that it instantly reads sci fi whenever it's used, but particularly when it's used in conjunction with a sleek black and neon green color scheme, which has been associated with computers for decades, most popularly in The Matrix. Since I've seen you, in particular, bring up TvTropes, the concept is known as 'High Tech Hexagons' over there, if you're curious to read more.
The pattern doesn't appear in Norse mythology, though, I can tell you that much.