im not anti evolution, just anti macro evolution. it has been proven impossible. humans have always had their mental and physical diseases and saying that down syndrome is proof of macro evoultion is just ridiculous.
"Proven impossible"? Hardly. You should study some current genetics and evolutionary biology. Down's syndrome is one example that others have brought up (of mutations), but let's look at a few other things.
There are a number of different genetic mutations that can happen. DNA is made up primarily of 4 different nucleic acid bases: A, T, C and G. Long strings of these bases make up an organism's genome. So let's say we have a DNA sequence:
ATGGCAATT. One possible mutation is a substitution, where one base gets switched out for another. Other mutations include insertions (where extra bases get put in), deletions (where some bases get cut out), duplications (where an entire string of bases might get duplicated), inversions (the order of a string of bases gets reversed), deaminations (conversion to non-standard bases, usually by chemicals/mutagens), cyclobutadiene dimer formation (abnormal formation of bonds between adjacent C's due to UV light), and improper methylation, among others.
There are so many different types of mutations, it's not hard to see how one species can gradually become another. The way a mutation affects the whole animal is by changing the protein sequence. Sometimes, a mutation is "silent"; either the mutation doesn't change the protein sequence, or it changes it but does not affect the function of the protein. Do you see how easy it might be for silent mutations to accumulate in a population? Other mutations might change protein sequence completely; it might either make a non-functional protein, or a protein with a completely new function. That is how changes arise. Sometimes, these new functions are useful; they will be selected for. Sometimes, new functions hurt; natural selection will weed these out. Sometimes, new functions don't hurt or help, so they just stay there. That's probably how a lot of things, like feathers or fur, started out. These traits weren't weeded out at first, so they grew over time; eventually, they became useful and were selected for.
How might one animal, over millions of years, become something completely different in appearance? Easy. Mutations in the genes that control development and morphology. The
hox genes are a perfect example; they control morphology and development; ie, the shape and physiology of animals. Over millions and millions of years, several duplication events allowed for development of more complex animals. I believe flies have 1 set of hox genes, many amphibians/fish have 2 (due to a duplication event), and mammals have 4 sets of hox genes (due to a second duplication event). Apparently, having more of these allowed the development of more complex animals.
http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/abstract/92/10/4492
That's more proof of evolution by the way, shared homology. We can evolutionarily trace very similar genes back to very simple animals. Why do flies and humans share certain genes? Because they must have come from the same ancestor. We can look at molecular/genetic homology, but we can also look at structural homology:
In mammals, the same skeletal structure is found across the board; these mammals all share a common ancestry (in the picture: human, cat, whale, bat limbs). There are literally thousands, possibly even millions of examples of this (both genetic and structural homology).
Anyway, back to how mutations might change an animal: The evolution of vision can also be traced. Three-color vision in human eyes was the results of several unequal crossing-over events and duplications during meiosis. Five-color vision in birds probably evolved the same way:
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/1999/11/991109072142.htm
http://chronicle.uchicago.edu/991202/colorvision.shtml
http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=24891
Over millions of years, it's easy to see that a number of mutations caused changes in organisms; sometimes, leading to new organisms. Just remember that for every successful organism, there were probably 10 or 20 or more unsuccessful ones. Evolution is not a directed process (ie, "lizard to bird to mammal"); it just depends on the environment, competition, and conditions.
there was a man who owned more then 6 million fossils i believe, and he wrote a book on evolution, and he was asked why he didnt have any transitional fossils showing evolution aactually happened, and he said becuase there arent any. no proof for macro evolution.
Okay, here you're just pulling stuff out of your ***. I'm not even going to address this.
The truth is, evolution has
more backing evidence than any of you anti-evolutionists have even an inkling of an idea about. There is plenty more I can go on about, and if this debate/argument continues, I'll continue to explain why evolution is real and provide more evidence.