All fair points.
Aren't there any suitable open-source substitutes for the programs that game companies use?
Many of the actual game engines are free to use*.
......*if you have the money to pay for the premium editions, or if you will give them money later.
And I dont blame them. Game engines are crazy. Lots of programming and hard work goes into those programs. I'm an artist with minimal programming experience, so I cant really convey too much.....but seriously. The companies that create these game engines deserve the money.
Major 'open source' engines include:
Unreal (Unreal Development Kit) - Great industry standard; i like to refer to it as the 'make everything pretty' engine because the settings it runs on do improve how some models look. It's 'programming' is done through Python if i remember correctly and Kismet. Kismet is kind of like the material editor in 3D Studio Max but even more confusing. Unreal 4 is making Kismet easier for artists which is nice. (kismet sets up animations, materials, etc. All the snazzy stuff)
Unity - Unity is free and stuff and they have a pro version too. I dont know many of the licensing stuff for Unity but its the bane of my existence and i dont really want to talk about this program for a while.
CryEngine - Yeah. You can download Crytek's wonderful engine. It's apparently really difficult to use though. I dont know licensing for this one either.
But man. is CryEngine pretttty.
Source - I know nothing about Valve's Source engine but you can download that too! Valve's programming is pretty legit, since they are a top tier software company.
For 3D, there's Blender. It's not ideal, and please DO NOT use the blender game engine. its less than ideal and just...dont do that to yourself.
A zBrush alternative would be Pixelogic's Sculptris. It's Pixelogic's free-to-use-zBrush-trial. It's definitely not as strong as zBrush....but it works I guess.
Many engines, though, are company specific. Squeenix's pretty little creation, the Frostbite Engine, and many other engines cannot be obtained for the public (by legal means. I dont recommend stealing. Seriously)
Also, if you are a student, you can get educational versions of software! Autodesk gives a 3 year educational license for their programs. You can't make money per say using the models >_> but its great for learning! Pixelogic probably offers some student discounts (I was lucky to win my copy >_> So freakin happy), and once you own zBrush, you get free updates for life! zBrush 4r6 is looking really good - zRemesher is great for quick and efficient retopos* from what Pixelogic is advertising! (*Retopologizing is taking a high res [high poly] model and making a lower resolution model. zBrush models are never used in game because some models can exceed 10 million tris. Note: game models for this generation have been maxing out at around 20k or maybe a bit more, save for anything by Naughty Dog. They really like their models higher poly).
Adobe gives discounts for their suite for students as well. Engines have educational copies (UNITY =__=)
You just have to be smart about buying software and take all of these monetary issues into account when developing.
That, and getting a good team. If you have a smart team of programmers, you can make your own engine. If you have seriously amazing modelers, you can get crazy stuff in freeware 3D programs. If you have great 2D artists, you can get some amazing concepts on paper with pencils. It's not ideal in the least, and it'll hurt, but seriously, work with what you got until you can afford the tools.
These tools aren't just programs: They're investments. If you want to be in industry, do your research on programs and stuff that you should get and what you can afford, depending on your specialty. I stopped 'finding' programs and now buy or take advantage of my student editions.
But, don't get what you do not need. I'm not going to shell out the money to buy something to benefit programmers - I'm a concept artist, texture artist, and modeler. I want to go for programs like zBrush, Photoshop, and some Autodesk programs (
3DStudio Max - 3D modeling program and sister program to Maya. Its material editor is pretty good.
Maya - another autodesk 3D program. It was merged into the company, which explains the 2 3D programs. It is exceptional for animation, rendering, character modeling, and more. It's a great program.
Mudbox - Autodesk's hi poly sculpting program. I dont have much experience with it, but it's pretty cool)
/rant
I kind of went off on a tangent, but game development has super specialized programs and they are really important tools for development.