jaswa
Smash Journeyman
Jesus holds the keys to death AND HADES. Hades comes just after death. People in Hades are given up - THEN judged. Hades was thrown into the lake of fire (symbollism of hell).I am the Living One; I was dead, and behold I am alive for ever and ever! And I hold the keys of death and Hades.
I looked, and there before me was a pale horse! Its rider was named Death, and Hades was following close behind him. They were given power over a fourth of the earth to kill by sword, famine and plague, and by the wild beasts of the earth.
The sea gave up the dead that were in it, and death and Hades gave up the dead that were in them, and each person was judged according to what he had done.
Then death and Hades were thrown into the lake of fire. The lake of fire is the second death.
The Bible distinguishes Hades and Hell as separate places. Hades is a 'waiting room' if you will, between life on earth and judgement. Now this is where I believe Catholics get purgatory from - since you're dead, but not yet judged, you can work your way up. However, "each person was judged according to what he had done" is in relation to works yes, BUT not determining salvation. In Hades your place is set in stone, there is symbollism in other places of a chasm between believers and non-believers. Believers names are written in the Book of Life, but God will ask you to give an account for what you've done - did you make use of your life, ie. sit around fapping all day but apologise for sin, or go out and preach/save others.
The protestant's meaning of 'faith' is 'depend'. It's not some airy fairy word because we can't deduce if the Bible is trustworthy to read or not, you need to depend on Jesus to be in relationship with him in heaven. Depending on Jesus means that you don't need works to be saved, you have assurance of your salvation in Jesus. If you 'cast off the old self' (worldy ways) and 'clothe yourself in righteousness', a true reflection of your dependence on Jesus will be doing his good works. Essentially, works aren't necessary for salvation, but will come as a biproduct of a true believer.
James 2:14-26 (link is there) talks about how faith without works is dead.
No, a 'good hearted atheist' will not be accepted to heaven.
EDIT: and when Jesus says "you will be with me in paradise" to the thief on the cross next to him - that is because he will be in Hades with the assurance of heaven. Later on the Bible mentions in the 3 days Jesus was physically dead, he "ministered to the dead", ie. giving encouragement to the believer half of Hades