Hm, I actually overlooked this topic. This is a subject that is of great interest to me! I actually made a similar topic in the "Proving Grounds" board about the animal rights movement in general which I think your thread touches upon. Check it out if you'd like. We've been having a rather in depth discussion so far:
http://smashboards.com/threads/does-the-animal-rights-movement-deserve-to-be-taken-seriously.353160/
This is incorrect actually. Hunting primarily exists today because it is a traditional pastime. "Sport" enthusiasts enjoy the chase and challenge of taking down other animals. It is not necessary for controlling wildlife populations or for most people to obtain sustenance.
The issue here is that wildlife agencies across the world have a financial incentive to sell hunting licenses, and because of this they must continually artificially boost animal populations so that hunters may be able to continue hunting for generations to come. It is not possible for natural breeding to sustain the hunter's desire for, what can only be called, blood lust.
Source:
http://ideas.time.com/2013/11/27/hunting-isnt-the-answer-to-animal-pests/
So, a good start would definitely be to refrain from artificially boosting wildlife populations for the sole purpose killing of them, but even then I wouldn't suggest that we necessarily must solve the problem of "overpopulation" through lethal means.
If we absolutely feel we must interfere there are many things that could be done other than hunting or killing to maintain animal populations, and this includes the handling of invasive species, such as birth control, deterrents (for when they enter human communities), and relocation.
I think we should keep in mind that generally humans do not know what they are doing when they mess with nature, and so sometimes the best solution is to do nothing. Naturally, when over-population occurs within certain species, it is disease, infertility, and starvation that reduce their numbers. The strong will survive. This is an unfortunate reality, but nevertheless it is how these species continue to grow and adapt based off the process of evolution. Obviously we are not going to be able to save every animal on the planet from starving to death, and these are not even the animals that hunters go for since they prefer strong and healthy trophies.
I'm not really sure if hunting is the best example, but I agree that some decisions must be made on a case-by-case basis. Some people that live in poorer countries must kill animals in order to survive, and so it hard for me to find fault in them doing so. I'm not saying that I know it's "right" to take the animal's life, but still it is difficult to blame people that are in that sort of situation. I should also state that it would be difficult to blame someone for killing and eating a human if they otherwise would've died.
I believe it is helpful to ask ourselves certain questions before we choose to force ourselves or our values upon other animals be it wild or domesticated:
1. Are they really affecting us or themselves to such a negative degree that we must intrude upon their lives?
2. Are we in such a desperate situation that if they are not killed, we will surely die?
Primarily, I believe the only time we should answer "yes" to the second question is in matters of self defense, which is always justified regardless if the attacker is human or not. Although, I think it’s best to resort to non-lethal means of self-defense as a matter of principle, so that resorting to killing an animal will be considered extreme rather than the norm. You can’t say that the animal really knows any better, and so I think it would be just to let them live on if possible.
Why must this be an exception where we are to kill other animals? I’m assuming that you are speaking of using animals for medical research?
First, we should ask why it is acceptable in the first place to test on non-consenting animal subjects, but not on non-consenting human subjects. Could not the human be used as an accurate model for disease, and be a way for us to possibly acquire cures for the masses? Sure they could, but we’ve already decided that humans are the sort of beings that we do not treat like that. So, why is it okay to treat animals this way?
Second, can the medical testing that is being conducted on these animals really be deemed as necessary? It certainly is not accurate to say that there has never been an instant in our scientific community where time and money has been wasted on a fruitless matter. I speak of tests, for example, where we examine how starvation, dehydration, and burns affect the body, forcing animals to suffer immensely for information we already know.
That’s a rather cynical way to look at it. In a way, the culture has already changed as there are currently hundreds of millions of vegetarians and vegans on this Earth. Furthermore, it’s certainly arguable that to kill other animals is some sort of innate desire within all human beings. Clearly, this is far from the case for many of us as we are disgusted by the sight and smell of meat, and in addition it conflicts with our completely natural feelings of empathy when we realize what it takes to acquire the product.
Even if it WAS true that a desire for meat was an innate quality within all humans, this would not be a valid argument for the continued killing of animals and the consumption of their flesh. Many qualities and emotions within humans can be said to be natural and also have been going on for tens of thousands of years, including a desire to be violent or discriminatory, but simply because this these traits are innate is certainly no reason why we can’t make laws against them or discourage them within society overall.
I think the following links are extremely helpful and relevant in regards to the efficacy of vegetarian and vegan diets:
The Permanente Journal -
http://www.thepermanentejournal.org/.../5117-nutrition.html
American Dietetic Association -
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19562864
British Dietetic Association -
www.bda.uk.com/foodfacts/vegetarianfoodfacts.pdf
Dietitians Association of Australia -
http://daa.asn.au/for-the-public/smart-eating-for-you/nutrition-a-z/vegan-diets/
Dietitians of Canada -
http://www.dietitians.ca/Nutrition-.../Vegetarian/Eating-Guidelines-for-Vegans.aspx
http://www.cancer.org/treatment/tre...nativemedicine/dietandnutrition/vegetarianism
Harvard School of Public Health -
http://www.dining.harvard.edu/vegvgn
Cleveland Clinic -
http://my.clevelandclinic.org/heart...food-choices/understanding-vegetarianism.aspx
New York Presbyterian Hospital -
http://nyp.org/wellness/showDocument.php?contentTypeId=1&contentId=1876&heading=Vegetarian Diets: The Myths vs. Facts
The Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center (UCLA) -
http://www.dining.ucla.edu/.../SNAC_pdf/Vegetarianism.pdf
The Perelman School of Medicine (Penn Med) -
http://www.pennmedicine.org/enc.../em_DisplayArticle.aspx...
The Mayo Clinic -
http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/vegetarian-diet/HQ01596
http://nutritionfacts.org/.../uprooting-the-leading.../
Walter Willet, the Chair of Harvard’s nutrition department -
http://life.nationalpost.com/.../drinking-milk-not.../
Not really, as there is no evidence that one must eat meat substitutes in order to be healthy on a vegetarian or vegan diet.
I also disagree that feeding the hungry is a reason to kill animals for food. We could easily just give them non-animal foods, and, in fact, there are many charities that already do this.
What is or is not obsolete is completely up to us. We have to the power to refrain from harvesting meat from other animals if we so choose, thereby making the practice “obsolete”.
As for your next point, are you certain that these animals have no self awareness? It is not unreasonable to liken humans and other animals on biological grounds, after all humans are a species of animal themselves. Consider a chicken for a moment. When a chicken sees that other chickens are being fed the bird will go over to receive food themselves. This is because the chicken realizes that they are not some “other” chicken, and have to feed their own bodies in order to be satisfied. Is this not, in some sense, a type of “self awareness”?
The science on the matter is quite clear actually. It has been shown numerous times that the other animals of this Earth possess behavioral, chemical, and structural features that we also see in human beings. This is especially true when we consider vertebrae such as mammals, birds, fish, reptiles, amphibians, etc. It was Darwin who said that the differences between us and other animals are of degree rather than kind, and I believe this makes sense seeing as we most likely all share a common evolutionary ancestor.
How is it that you have concluded that killing animals is necessary? Within your own post you stated that, “I am fortunate enough to live in a country that doesn't have to rely on meat for survival.” Does not your latter statement indicate that it isn’t NECESSARY to kill other animals for food, at least within nations such as your own?
Why is this the sole reason where killing animals is an excused act?
I do not attack or harm bugs if I can avoid it, but I wouldn’t necessarily consider someone “bad” for harming insects, as I don’t believe there is anyone that is actually inherently bad or good.
I do consider it immoral or a “bad” action to harm bugs for no reason. I can perhaps understand if they are biting or attacking you, but if they are merely annoying to you I don’t see how you’re justified in ending their life. There are many ways to simply relocate insects elsewhere so that both your interests are served. It’s important to consider that these types of creatures are not harming or bothering you intentionally, but rather are just trying to survive.
Personally, I would not do this because the sight and smell of any dead animal repulses me. In addition, I know that the animal cannot consent to having their remains used in such a way, so because of this I do not consider it my right to choose what to do with their bodies after they pass on. However, this is obviously a much more preferable act than to kill an animal on purpose, and I would much prefer a world where this was the only king of meat that was eaten.
Well, first of all, it should be said that we really ought to not have “pets” in first place, but perhaps this a discussion for a different time. I, of course, encourage spaying and neutering programs as well as an end to breeding in general, but the fact remains that these animals are currently here with us and so we must deal with the implications.
In this situation I would avoid killing the wolf if possible, but if I absolutely had to I would certainly kill the wolf to prevent him/her from killing a being that was special to me. I would do the same thing if the wolf was attacking my child. I consider self defense as well as vicarious self defense to be completely justifiable, regardless if the attacker is starving or even a human. Other animals obviously will defend themselves and their companions from carnivores as well, so it’s not really a matter of favoring one species over another, but favoring those we care about over another. I see nothing wrong with the latter.
I think the standard response should be that we ought not to kill ANY animal if we can avoid doing so, but obviously there will be exceptions such as in situations of self defense.
I agree, and spoke in detail about this matter up above. Humans are not necessary to control animal populations. After all, what do you think went on before we were even upon the surface the Earth? The ecosystems were just failing without us? Ha, on the contrary…
I’m sorry, but could you restate this sentence? It didn’t make a lot of sense to me.
I think it’s time that we started considering other animals to be a SOMEONE as well. They are certainly not objects.
You might want to clarify what exactly selfish reasons are then, because certainly being selfish can contribute to our happiness. Personally, I think it’s misguided to suggest that we must kill animals in order to not sacrifice “all” our happiness.
The jury is really still out as far as insects are concerned, although there is certainly a lot of data that points to them being able to suffer. They certainly possess nervous systems. I prefer to give them the benefit of the doubt, as I would not want to be wrong.
I wouldn’t underestimate their intelligence either, as there are many studies that suggest we’ve misjudged the nature of these little creatures.
Sources:
http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/weve-been-looking-at-ant-intelligence-the-wrong-way/
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/11/091117124009.htm
http://www.psychologytoday.com/blog...hump-and-bees-get-depressed-the-state-animals
http://www.psychologytoday.com/blog...-the-bees-and-their-brains-size-doesnt-matter
First of all, similar to insects, fish are constantly and mistakenly thought to be “dumb”
Sources:
http://www.popsci.com/article/science/are-fish-intelligent-crows-chimps-or-people
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/06/18/fish-intelligence-study_n_5503895.html
Also, there is no concrete evidence that being more intelligent causes you to experience greater suffering. It’s possible that many animals experience fear and pain in a much more raw fashion than human beings since they are, for example, incapable of rationalizing their fears away like many humans can.
What do you see as a justified reason for killing an animal? Could you list several examples please?