What makes someone a good poker player is if they maximize their winnings and minimize their losses. You'll never be able to win everyhand, so when you have a good hand, you have to milk it for all it's worth.
When you have a bad hand, you can certainly still bet, but it really depends on the type of people you're playing with.
I almost NEVER bluff with my friends, because their stupid and aggressive, and they call pretty much everything. On the other side of this issue, when I DO get a good hand, their STILL stupid and aggressive, and I'll rake in a huge pot so long as I bet enough. My friends don't scare easily. Of course, you're freinds may be different.
ANYWAYS.... for that hand, it was certainly right to bet, even a large amount, you were right in thinking you probably had the best hand. You have to think though, what if he DOES have pocket Jacks or better? What if he DID flop a three-of-a-kind?
What if he DID have another 10 with a higher kicker than a Queen?
If you aren't short-stacked I don't think I would advocate that move. Maybe 30%-50% of your stack, unless, like I said, you're really low on chips and about to fall out. It would be okay if you were in that situation. Also, people tend to think that when you go All-in, you're most likely bluffing. They see going all-in as a sign of weakness- a last desperate attempt to fool you. Of course, in this case you weren't, but you certainly don't want him to call. There's still the turn and the river and he could easily pick up something better than a pair of tens.
If he folds, that STILL wouldn't be too good. You had to risk going all-in and all you get is the blinds and whatever your friend betted before the flop (which isn't anything, if you're friend is smart.) Still you would've gotten away with murder.
I think that if you would've bet 30-50%, he would've taken you more seriously, and you still wouldn't have gone out afterward.
Of course the main problem here is your friend is inexperianced, that, or he has balls.
A lot of inexperianced players feel overconfident just because they have an Ace, but the truth is, there's no better chance of getting a pair of aces than a pair of 2's. The only reason they feel so powerful is because they know the aces beat the 2's.
Another problem is that you're friend got lucky.
It really shouldn't have gone down that way. Even WITH you going all-in, he should've folded if he was smart, because he got VERY lucky picking up that ace on the turn or river.
I hope this all makes sense. I went through the same thing with my friends. It was frustrating, because I went through the situation in my head, and didn't expect them to do what they did end up doing, because it was the wrong move.
My friends incompetence in poker really hurt my skills. That's why begginers often do get lucky at poker. It's because the vets are too used to playing with other vets, and they forget how a newb plays.
I don't blame you too much for your move, and I don't blame you at ALL if you were short-stacked.
The only way to get back at someone whose so aggresive like that is to let him rake in the blinds, maybe see a flop every once and a while, but then milk him for all he's worth when you have an amazing hand like AA or AK. Even JQ is a great hand to have.
I hope this all makes sense.
