Over here in the Netherlands it goes like this:
You turn 18
You now can take driving lesson's(this is inmediatly driving on the road through town).
Now you can also get your 'Theory Licence' or what you call Learner's licence, which lasts for 1 year.
Now after taking enough lessons, your teacher decides if you're good enough for the Driving Test, but first he advices you to take some sort of 'pre-test', which is basicly the same test, only it costs less, and you CAN'T get your licence, he just tells you what you need to work on for the real test. Now you can take the real test, and if you pass, you'll finally be able to drive on the road.
And I've had driving lessons for a year now(note: I'm only 18 and 1,5 month old, so it wasn't exactly legal for me to take driving lessons when I was 17, but the instructor didn't care, and my grandmother really wanted me to get driving lessons so she pays everything right now), I just passed my Theory Test, and in a few days I'll hear when my 'pre-test' is. Then, 2 weeks after that, I'll do my real test.
ALSO, today was AWESOME! You see, my grandfather has a used-car dealership, so he has a car for me, which I must pay off for 50 %. It's a red Volkswagen Golf 4 from '98 and it's awesome. Now this is not the point why today in particular is awesome, because I've had this car for a week now. But, there is a small problem with the engine, which we do not know yet, but the car is running slower than it's supposed too(it's still drivable nonetheless). So, we replaced the sparkers today and I got to testdrive my car. So today, I drove for the first time in my own car! With someone on the passenger seat(a friend of my granddad) so we could test if it worked or not. It didn't. It was still illegal btw for me to drive, even with the person on the passenger seat(we don't have that kind of rule over here in the Netherlands).
You see, that really sucks about my situation, I have a car, but no driver license yet. It's like having the biggest chocolate pie in the world, but you can't eat it. Now, today I just got the tiniest nap of the pie, and that made it worse. xD
BUT EVEN MORE AWESOME WAS, that I got to drive one of my granddad's cars to the carwash, ALL BY MYSELF! And it wasn't a cheap car either! I'm so proud! I wasn't even scared that anything happened!
But yeah, don't drive when you are not allowed to do it legally!