To start off our little controller adventure, I'd like to introduce you to the SNES controller. A humble little thing that would be the inspiration for many controllers in the future.
SNES controller:
Now, I would like to present to you the Playstation controller. What they did was take the SNES controller, change the button names, make the Start and Select buttons look like Play and Stop (because the PS1 also doubled as a CD player), added another pair of shoulder buttons, and got a couple of grips.
PS1 controller:
Then, they later released the Dualshock on the PS1, adding dual analog sticks to their previous design. Sony also kept this general design for the rest of their controllers, so they are now on the Dualshock 4.
Dualshock:
Skip ahead quite a few years to the Xbox 360 and you see Microsoft copying this design, but making it their own by changing R2 and L2 to triggers, switching the left DPad and analog stick, changing the names and shapes of the Start and Select buttons, adding a big green button, and changing the button names back to the originals with the X and Y buttons flipped.
360 controller:
Then, the Wii U Pro controller came out pretty recently to much complaint by Microsoft fanboys. They were calling it a rip-off of the 360 controller because they had the same design, but with the X and Y buttons flipped and the right analog stick switched with the buttons. I guess what I'm trying to say is Nintendo was just ripping off of a modified version of their controller.
Wii U Pro controller:
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Also, just saying that the original Xbox controller looks like a combination of a Dreamcast controller and a Saturn controller.
Dreamcast:
Saturn:
Xbox: