LiteralGrill
Smokin' Hot~
In my thread discussing what the 3DS competitive scene needs to thrive, it was mentioned by AlphaZealot that with everyone having a system, the normal setup limitations that normally work against using a Swiss System don't apply.
However, just saying we will use a Swiss System is not that easy. There are actually many things to consider before adopting the system, which I will bring up below for debate. These won't likely be easy decisions to make, so I want to start the debate early and get people's ideas so we can have an established format and possibly have hand crafted tournament software specifically made to use in this format for Smashbros 3DS (I might be able to manage something like that free to use.)
Here are the major points I want to address.
1. What style of the Swiss System should we use?
2. How do we determine tie breakers? (This ties in at times with number one for those studied in the systems.)
3. Do we ONLY use a Swiss System, or do we use it for Pools then seed a bracket from a certain level of players?
I will be describing some seriously complex things at times during the thread, I know people don't enjoy walls of text, so I will do my best to add TL:DRs when I can, just PLEASE if you take a stance be ready to defend it. Do not just look at the TLDR and assume you now know everything on the subject.
With that said, let us address number one: What style of the Swiss System should we use?
After TONS of research, I will list some of the major systems that are the most common and the pros and cons associated with each system.
Standard Swiss:
This is the Swiss System that most people have ran into. The first round is either decided at random, or by using seeding (which I assume would be the preferred method). All players then proceed to the next round, where winners face winners, losers face losers, and so on. In each round, players faces opponents with the same, or almost the same score. Players in each round are ranked. Then, the top half is paired with the bottom half. Throughout this, no player is paired against each other twice.
Danish "Luton" System.
This operates exactly as Standard Swiss, WITHOUT the rule that no players can meet twice. This can allow the VERY top players to have a better chance to face each other, though you may get the same opponent multiple times which can be boring.
Bridge System:
In bridge, generally a Standard Swiss system is used until near the end of the tournament, then it switches into Danish so that the top two teams could play against each other regardless on if they have faced each other previously.
These three systems are the most related, which is why I have mentioned them. The next method are more complex, however are worth looking at for the pros and cons they have.
Accelerated Swiss:
[collapse="Accelerated Swiss From Wikipedia"]
Accelerated pairings
The method of accelerated pairings also known as accelerated Swissis used in some large tournaments with more than the optimal number of players for the number of rounds. This method pairs top players more quickly than the standard method in the opening roundsand has the effect of reducing the number of players with perfect scores more rapidly (by approximately a factor of 2 after two rounds).
For the first two rounds, players who started in the top half have one point added to their score for pairing purposes only. Then the first two rounds are paired normally, taking this added score into account. In effect, in the first round the top quarter plays the second quarter and the third quarter plays the fourth quarter. Most of the players in the first and third quarters should win the first round. Assuming this is approximately the case, in effect for the second round the top eighth plays the second eighth, the second quarter plays the third quarter and the seventh eighth plays the bottom eighth. That is, in the second round, winners in the top half play each other, losers in the bottom half play each other, and losers in the top half play winners in the bottom half (for the most part). After two rounds, about ⅛ of the players will have a perfect score, instead of ¼. After the second round, the standard pairing method is used (without the added point for the players who started in the top half).[/collapse]
Along with this as it is related slightly to the Accelerated Swiss System is the McMahon system, which is the system used in most European and American Go tournaments, and has been very successful there. (And also is used by several large organizations which is good to note.)
[collapse="McMahon System From Wikipedia"]
Like a Swiss tournament, all players compete in the same number of rounds against various other players. Unlike Swiss, the players do not all start with zero points, but are awarded initial points based on their rating prior to the tournament. The system features an "upper bar", set to a specific rating, so that all players that are considered to have a chance to win the tournament start with the same (maximum) number of points.
Players are paired each round against an opponent that has an equal or almost equal number of points so far, and gain a point for each round they win or half a point for a draw. The player with the highest number of points after the last round is the tournament winner, with various tie-breaking systems.
The advantage of the McMahon system over the Swiss system is that it requires fewer rounds to find a winner, and that it avoids extreme match-ups (very strong players against very weak players) in the earlier rounds. By matching up possible tournament winners earlier, the system allows for more games amongst this group, and thus improves sampling.[/collapse]
Now, I have written an entire Pro's and Cons section about accelerated and McMahon systems, TLDR: there's a bunch to think about if you use them.
Pros and Cons:
[collapse="Pros and Cons"]
Pros
a) The major benefit of using an accelerated Swiss system is that it protects the strong players from having to play weak players in the first round or so; a game between a top player and a random newbie is just a waste of time (for the top player anyways) and hurts the strong players SoS. All games tend to be more evenly matched and therefore more interesting.
b) By effectively providing extra (virtual) rounds, an accelerated Swiss gives more accurate placings at the end of the tournament, particularly when the number of rounds is small compared with the number of players (for example more that 64 players with 6 rounds; and at the other extreme it is used for 1 day tournaments with as few as 3 rounds).
c) If the number of players is large, a McMahon with a top section of 2^n players and n rounds (eg 32 players 5 rounds) is guaranteed to produce a unique winner (though not lower placings).
d) As compared with an event running a number of separate divisions there are fewer byes, in fact there will be byes only if the total number of players is odd. This is a major considerations for players who travel long distances to attend an event only to find they do not play a full complement of games.
e) There is more interest for players at the boundaries of the sections, than if they were playing in completely separate Divisions – bottom players in section A get a chance to win a game, top players in section B get to play stronger players (but see Con’s below).
g) Administration of the tournament is much easier for the Tournament Director to run a single combined tournament rather than 2 separate events (or more – all our tournaments run at least an Open and a Handicap Divisions, some currently have 2 Open Divisions). Just one draw is made per round, entry of results is simplified, and registration is a lot quicker. It is also easy to move players between sections if necessary, something you may have to do at short notice when fewer players turn up than expected!
Cons
a) Some players will feel aggrieved when they are paired with a player outside their section, particularly until they understand how a McMahon works.
A top section player paired with a lower section player (especially if this happens because of an odd number of players in the section rather than as a result of losing games) will lose out on SoS even more than in a usual Swiss because of the acceleration step, thereby hurting their chance of winning the tournament
b) If different playing conditions apply to groups of players (for example different number of rounds) then you cannot use a McMahon.
c) It is close to impossible in a McMahon system for a player who is not seeded in the top group to win. Sometimes, upsets happen as we know in tournaments which creates much hype or makes us realize we undervalued a player. While a lower play CAN still manage to get to the top, it is MUCH more difficult in a McMahon system.[/collapse]
Alright, the final system: The Amalfi System. This is the least common system know, but is often used in Italy and does have some advantages, specifically they have a closer to "grand finals" kind of matches.
[collapse=Amalfi System From Wikipedia]
A tournament system in Italy. It is similar to the Swiss System, but doesn't split players based on their score. Before pairing any round, players are listed for decreasing score / decreasing rating, and the opponent of the first player in the list is the player following him by a number of positions equal to the number of remaining rounds, and so on for the other players. As consequence of this, the difference in rating between opponents at the first round is not so big (as for the accelerated systems), and ideally the "big match" between the first and the second one should occur at the last round, no matter how many players and rounds are in the tournament.
[/collapse]
One major con I can mention is that Amalfi systems do not have many common computer programs written for them (I only found one that was kinda subpar) This is due to it not being as common. However as we will discuss later, if we were to go ONLY Swiss, this could help with hype loss that can occur within Swiss brackets.
Tie Breakers:
Tie Breakers can be a very interesting thing in Swiss tournaments, there are many methods that are used, if you are really interested in them, and would like a further definition of what the suggestion I have below is Wikipedia Is Your Friend.
My suggestion would be to follow the method used by the U.S. Chess Federation as it has been tried and used many times with good success.
You do these methods in order.
1. Modified Median
2. Solkhoff
3. Cumulative
4. Cumulative Opponent's Score
This would be necessary to discuss, this is not an official USCF thing, but on the off chance ALL of these tie, we must have a method.
5. Coin Flip (I figure people will HATE this, though some places use this method so it should be mentioned.)
5. Tie Breaker Fight (A simple fight where the winner moves on.)
If a system other then a more standard Swiss is chosen, tie breaking methods may need to be evaluated to better choose one that fits. This should be kept in mind.
Swiss: Full Time of Pools?
This one has just some pros and cons, I have a feeling this may be the largest point of discussion for people. As I do not want to skew discussion about the subject by writing my own list of pros and cons, I would like to mention a few major talking points.
1. Do Swiss Tournaments Kill The Hype Factor Too Much? (If so, how might we fix that? Amalfi?)
2. Should Swiss Be Used Just For Pools For Better Seeding Then Have A Top Double Elim Tournament?
3. Swiss Cheese Is Delicious, This Idea Is Full Of Holes, etc. (ie: All the Swiss jokes you'll more then likely come up with)
However, just saying we will use a Swiss System is not that easy. There are actually many things to consider before adopting the system, which I will bring up below for debate. These won't likely be easy decisions to make, so I want to start the debate early and get people's ideas so we can have an established format and possibly have hand crafted tournament software specifically made to use in this format for Smashbros 3DS (I might be able to manage something like that free to use.)
Here are the major points I want to address.
1. What style of the Swiss System should we use?
2. How do we determine tie breakers? (This ties in at times with number one for those studied in the systems.)
3. Do we ONLY use a Swiss System, or do we use it for Pools then seed a bracket from a certain level of players?
I will be describing some seriously complex things at times during the thread, I know people don't enjoy walls of text, so I will do my best to add TL:DRs when I can, just PLEASE if you take a stance be ready to defend it. Do not just look at the TLDR and assume you now know everything on the subject.
With that said, let us address number one: What style of the Swiss System should we use?
After TONS of research, I will list some of the major systems that are the most common and the pros and cons associated with each system.
Standard Swiss:
This is the Swiss System that most people have ran into. The first round is either decided at random, or by using seeding (which I assume would be the preferred method). All players then proceed to the next round, where winners face winners, losers face losers, and so on. In each round, players faces opponents with the same, or almost the same score. Players in each round are ranked. Then, the top half is paired with the bottom half. Throughout this, no player is paired against each other twice.
Danish "Luton" System.
This operates exactly as Standard Swiss, WITHOUT the rule that no players can meet twice. This can allow the VERY top players to have a better chance to face each other, though you may get the same opponent multiple times which can be boring.
Bridge System:
In bridge, generally a Standard Swiss system is used until near the end of the tournament, then it switches into Danish so that the top two teams could play against each other regardless on if they have faced each other previously.
These three systems are the most related, which is why I have mentioned them. The next method are more complex, however are worth looking at for the pros and cons they have.
Accelerated Swiss:
[collapse="Accelerated Swiss From Wikipedia"]
Accelerated pairings
The method of accelerated pairings also known as accelerated Swissis used in some large tournaments with more than the optimal number of players for the number of rounds. This method pairs top players more quickly than the standard method in the opening roundsand has the effect of reducing the number of players with perfect scores more rapidly (by approximately a factor of 2 after two rounds).
For the first two rounds, players who started in the top half have one point added to their score for pairing purposes only. Then the first two rounds are paired normally, taking this added score into account. In effect, in the first round the top quarter plays the second quarter and the third quarter plays the fourth quarter. Most of the players in the first and third quarters should win the first round. Assuming this is approximately the case, in effect for the second round the top eighth plays the second eighth, the second quarter plays the third quarter and the seventh eighth plays the bottom eighth. That is, in the second round, winners in the top half play each other, losers in the bottom half play each other, and losers in the top half play winners in the bottom half (for the most part). After two rounds, about ⅛ of the players will have a perfect score, instead of ¼. After the second round, the standard pairing method is used (without the added point for the players who started in the top half).[/collapse]
Along with this as it is related slightly to the Accelerated Swiss System is the McMahon system, which is the system used in most European and American Go tournaments, and has been very successful there. (And also is used by several large organizations which is good to note.)
[collapse="McMahon System From Wikipedia"]
Like a Swiss tournament, all players compete in the same number of rounds against various other players. Unlike Swiss, the players do not all start with zero points, but are awarded initial points based on their rating prior to the tournament. The system features an "upper bar", set to a specific rating, so that all players that are considered to have a chance to win the tournament start with the same (maximum) number of points.
Players are paired each round against an opponent that has an equal or almost equal number of points so far, and gain a point for each round they win or half a point for a draw. The player with the highest number of points after the last round is the tournament winner, with various tie-breaking systems.
The advantage of the McMahon system over the Swiss system is that it requires fewer rounds to find a winner, and that it avoids extreme match-ups (very strong players against very weak players) in the earlier rounds. By matching up possible tournament winners earlier, the system allows for more games amongst this group, and thus improves sampling.[/collapse]
Now, I have written an entire Pro's and Cons section about accelerated and McMahon systems, TLDR: there's a bunch to think about if you use them.
Pros and Cons:
[collapse="Pros and Cons"]
Pros
a) The major benefit of using an accelerated Swiss system is that it protects the strong players from having to play weak players in the first round or so; a game between a top player and a random newbie is just a waste of time (for the top player anyways) and hurts the strong players SoS. All games tend to be more evenly matched and therefore more interesting.
b) By effectively providing extra (virtual) rounds, an accelerated Swiss gives more accurate placings at the end of the tournament, particularly when the number of rounds is small compared with the number of players (for example more that 64 players with 6 rounds; and at the other extreme it is used for 1 day tournaments with as few as 3 rounds).
c) If the number of players is large, a McMahon with a top section of 2^n players and n rounds (eg 32 players 5 rounds) is guaranteed to produce a unique winner (though not lower placings).
d) As compared with an event running a number of separate divisions there are fewer byes, in fact there will be byes only if the total number of players is odd. This is a major considerations for players who travel long distances to attend an event only to find they do not play a full complement of games.
e) There is more interest for players at the boundaries of the sections, than if they were playing in completely separate Divisions – bottom players in section A get a chance to win a game, top players in section B get to play stronger players (but see Con’s below).
g) Administration of the tournament is much easier for the Tournament Director to run a single combined tournament rather than 2 separate events (or more – all our tournaments run at least an Open and a Handicap Divisions, some currently have 2 Open Divisions). Just one draw is made per round, entry of results is simplified, and registration is a lot quicker. It is also easy to move players between sections if necessary, something you may have to do at short notice when fewer players turn up than expected!
Cons
a) Some players will feel aggrieved when they are paired with a player outside their section, particularly until they understand how a McMahon works.
A top section player paired with a lower section player (especially if this happens because of an odd number of players in the section rather than as a result of losing games) will lose out on SoS even more than in a usual Swiss because of the acceleration step, thereby hurting their chance of winning the tournament
b) If different playing conditions apply to groups of players (for example different number of rounds) then you cannot use a McMahon.
c) It is close to impossible in a McMahon system for a player who is not seeded in the top group to win. Sometimes, upsets happen as we know in tournaments which creates much hype or makes us realize we undervalued a player. While a lower play CAN still manage to get to the top, it is MUCH more difficult in a McMahon system.[/collapse]
Alright, the final system: The Amalfi System. This is the least common system know, but is often used in Italy and does have some advantages, specifically they have a closer to "grand finals" kind of matches.
[collapse=Amalfi System From Wikipedia]
A tournament system in Italy. It is similar to the Swiss System, but doesn't split players based on their score. Before pairing any round, players are listed for decreasing score / decreasing rating, and the opponent of the first player in the list is the player following him by a number of positions equal to the number of remaining rounds, and so on for the other players. As consequence of this, the difference in rating between opponents at the first round is not so big (as for the accelerated systems), and ideally the "big match" between the first and the second one should occur at the last round, no matter how many players and rounds are in the tournament.
[/collapse]
One major con I can mention is that Amalfi systems do not have many common computer programs written for them (I only found one that was kinda subpar) This is due to it not being as common. However as we will discuss later, if we were to go ONLY Swiss, this could help with hype loss that can occur within Swiss brackets.
Tie Breakers:
Tie Breakers can be a very interesting thing in Swiss tournaments, there are many methods that are used, if you are really interested in them, and would like a further definition of what the suggestion I have below is Wikipedia Is Your Friend.
My suggestion would be to follow the method used by the U.S. Chess Federation as it has been tried and used many times with good success.
You do these methods in order.
1. Modified Median
2. Solkhoff
3. Cumulative
4. Cumulative Opponent's Score
This would be necessary to discuss, this is not an official USCF thing, but on the off chance ALL of these tie, we must have a method.
5. Coin Flip (I figure people will HATE this, though some places use this method so it should be mentioned.)
5. Tie Breaker Fight (A simple fight where the winner moves on.)
If a system other then a more standard Swiss is chosen, tie breaking methods may need to be evaluated to better choose one that fits. This should be kept in mind.
Swiss: Full Time of Pools?
This one has just some pros and cons, I have a feeling this may be the largest point of discussion for people. As I do not want to skew discussion about the subject by writing my own list of pros and cons, I would like to mention a few major talking points.
1. Do Swiss Tournaments Kill The Hype Factor Too Much? (If so, how might we fix that? Amalfi?)
2. Should Swiss Be Used Just For Pools For Better Seeding Then Have A Top Double Elim Tournament?
3. Swiss Cheese Is Delicious, This Idea Is Full Of Holes, etc. (ie: All the Swiss jokes you'll more then likely come up with)
THAT'S IT PEOPLE! I GAVE YOU TOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOONS OF INFORMATION! NOW DISCUSS!!!!!!