Smash 4: Air Speed Rankings and Values [NOW WITH RAW/REAL VALUES]

[Indigo Jeans]

Air Speed

Rank | Character | Value
1 | Yoshi | 1.280
2 | Jigglypuff | 1.269
3 | Wario | 1.21
4 | Zero Suit Samus | 1.2
5 | Greninja | 1.18
6 - 9 | Donkey Kong | 1.15
6 - 9 | Dr. Mario | 1.15
6 - 9 | Mario | 1.15
6 - 9 | Sonic | 1.15
10 | Mr. Game & Watch | 1.12
11 - 14 | Captain Falcon | 1.1
11 - 14 | Duck Hunt | 1.1
11 - 14 | Mega Man | 1.1
11 - 14 | Sheik | 1.1
15 - 17 | Bowser Jr. | 1.08
15 - 17 | Ike | 1.08
15 - 17 | R.O.B. | 1.08
18 | Shulk | 1.06
19 - 20 | Pac-Man | 1.04
19 - 20 | Zelda | 1.04
21 - 22 | Lucina | 1.02
21 - 22 | Marth | 1.02
23 | Lucario | 1.01
24 - 26 | Little Mac | 1
24 - 26 | Robin | 1
24 - 26 | Rosalina & Luma | 1
27 | Meta Knight | 0.99
28 | Bowser | 0.98
29 | Wii Fit Trainer | 0.9700
30 | Fox | 0.96
31 | Ness | 0.9588
32 - 33 | Peach | 0.95
32 - 33 | Samus | 0.95
34 - 35 | Toon Link | 0.94
34 - 35 | Villager | 0.94
36 | Pikachu | 0.9118
37 | Palutena | 0.91
38 | Falco | 0.893
39 - 40 | Dark Pit | 0.89
39 - 40 | Pit | 0.89
41 - 42 | Diddy Kong | 0.88
41 - 42 | Link | 0.88
43 | Charizard | 0.87
44 | Olimar | 0.82
45 | Kirby | 0.8
46 | Ganondorf | 0.79
47 | Luigi | 0.73418
48 | King Dedede | 0.658

All credit for all of the above data goes to @ Toomai !

Spoiler: Condensed list

Spoiler: Old data, has customs stuff

I had been meaning to do this for a while, and since I finally got access to the Wii U version, I've now been able to actually get to work on it.

Values were derived with the following method:

1. Characters were given a Super Leaf
2. Super Leaf duration was estimated
   • Since I don't have a capture card, I went into training, set it to 1/4 speed, and timed it from the start of the Super Leaf floating sound effect, to the end of it. This came out to be roughly 13.33S. Converting this to frames and accounting for the speed modifier gives a duration of 200F
   • Further testing was done to see if Super Leaf duration varied between characters. I didn't find any difference
3. A custom stage was created using the largest form available. A single, perfectly straight platform was created with the second texture, to give uniform blocks with which to measure distance
   • Straightness was tested by generating a rolling cart on the platform
4. Finally, characters were tested in training mode at 1/4 speed (Hold L). Beginning at the third line from the left, right was held when the Super Leaf sound effect began. The direction was released when the sound effect ended, and where the character was in relation to the blocks when the sound ended was noted (not where the character was upon landing)
   • The number of blocks traveled was counted
5. Air Speed = (n/200)*10

• Peach was tested by using her inherent hover, then double jumping and using the Super Leaf's hover
• Bowser Jr. outside of his Junior Clown Car was tested by using Abandon Ship then simply holding the jump button to hover

Air Speed

Rank|Character|Value
1-2|Jigglypuff|0.9875
1-2|Yoshi|0.9875
3|Wario|0.9375
4|Zero Suit Samus|0.9125
5|Greninja|0.9000
6|Mario|0.8875
7-8|Donkey Kong|0.8750
7-8|Mr. Game & Watch|0.8750
9|Sonic|0.8625
10|Mega Man|0.8500
11-13|Bowser Jr.|0.8375
11-13|Duck Hunt|0.8375
11-13|Sheik|0.8375
14-15|Captain Falcon|0.8250
14-15|R.O.B.|0.8250
16-18|Ike|0.8000
16-18|Pac-Man|0.8000
16-18|Shulk|0.8000
19-21|Lucario|0.7875
19-21|Meta Knight|0.7875
19-21|Zelda|0.7875
22-25|Little Mac|0.7625
22-25|Lucina|0.7625
22-25|Marth|0.7625
22-25|Robin|0.7625
26-27|Peach|0.7500
26-27|Wii Fit Trainer|0.7500
28-30|Fox|0.7375
28-30|Rosalina & Luma|0.7375
28-30|Samus|0.7375
31-34|Bowser|0.7250
31-34|Ness|0.7250
31-34|Toon Link|0.7250
31-34|Villager|0.7250
35-36|Dr. Mario|0.7125
35-36|Pikachu|0.7125
37|Palutena|0.7000
38-40|Dark Pit|0.6750
38-40|Falco|0.6750
38-40|Pit|0.6750
41|Diddy Kong|0.6625
42|Link|0.6500
43|Charizard|0.6375
44|Olimar|0.6125
45|Kirby|0.6000
46|Ganondorf|0.5875
47|Luigi|0.5750
48|King Dedede|0.4875

Spoiler: With Customs and Attribute Changes

Rank|Character|Value
| Hyper 翔 (Jump) Stance Shulk|1.3750
| Decisive 翔 (Jump) Stance Shulk|1.2875
| Hyper 疾 (Speed) Stance Shulk|1.2375
| Lightweight Palutena|1.1875
| 翔 (Jump) Stance Shulk|1.1750
| Decisive 疾 (Speed) Stance Shulk|1.1375
| Short , thin Mii Brawler|1.0625
| 疾 (Speed) Stance Shulk|1.0375
| Short , standard Mii Brawler|1.0125
|Jigglypuff|0.9875
|Yoshi|0.9875
| Short , wide Mii Brawler|0.9625
| Standard , thin Mii Brawler|0.9625
|Wario|0.9375
| No-Car Bowser Jr.|0.9250
|Zero Suit Samus|0.9125
|Greninja|0.9000
| Standard Mii Brawler|0.9000
|Mario|0.8875
|Donkey Kong|0.8750
|Mr. Game & Watch|0.8750
|Sonic|0.8625
|Mega Man|0.8500
| Standard , wide Mii Brawler|0.8500
|Bowser Jr.|0.8375
|Duck Hunt|0.8375
|Sheik|0.8375
| Tall , thin Mii Brawler|0.8375
|Captain Falcon|0.8250
|R.O.B.|0.8250
| Tall , standard Mii Brawler|0.8125
|Ike|0.8000
| Standard Mii Gunner|0.8000
|Pac-Man|0.8000
|( 斬 [Buster] / Decisive 斬 [Buster] / Hyper 斬 [Buster] / 撃 [Smash] / Decisive 撃 [Smash] / Hyper 撃 [Smash] Stance) Shulk|0.8000
|Lucario|0.7875
|Meta Knight|0.7875
|Zelda|0.7875
| Tall , wide Mii Brawler|0.7750
|Little Mac|0.7625
|Lucina|0.7625
|Marth|0.7625
|Robin|0.7625
|Peach|0.7500
|( Deep Breathing ) Wii Fit Trainer|0.7500
|Fox|0.7375
|Rosalina & Luma|0.7375
|Samus|0.7375
|Bowser|0.7250
| Standard Mii Swordsman|0.7250
|Ness|0.7250
|Toon Link|0.7250
|Villager|0.7250
|Dr. Mario|0.7125
|Pikachu|0.7125
|Palutena|0.7000
|Pit|0.6750
|Dark Pit|0.6750
|Falco|0.6750
|Diddy Kong|0.6625
|Link|0.6500
|Charizard|0.6375
|Olimar|0.6125
|Kirby|0.6000
|Ganondorf|0.5875
|Luigi|0.5750
|King Dedede|0.4875
| 盾 (Shield) / Decisive 盾 (Shield) Stance Shulk|0.4875
| Hyper 盾 (Shield) Stance Shulk|0.3750

Hot tip: click on the "value" column head to rearrange it from lowest air speed to highest.

 

[Skylit]

Respect, I could tell this was a very lengthy process.

 

[Jae]

Neat stuff, Indigo! I'm curious as to how long you took to compile the numbers

 

[Indigo Jeans]

Respect, I could tell this was a very lengthy process.

Hah, thanks. Yeah, it was a really lengthy and tedious process cause I was trying to be accurate and was also cross-referencing with the Brawl air speed rankings if something seemed out of place. I guess Sonic's air speed was nerfed? Even though I checked it quite a few times, it seems that Bowser's air speed was nerfed too. Either that or Samus had hers buffed. Then again their Brawl values were less than 0.1 units apart. It might be that they are in the same "tier" and its human error on my part.

 

[Tristan_win]

Hmmmm, sweet delicious data~

Hopefully Sheik will remain in the 15-16 spot in air speed.

Thank you for your hard work!

 

[LunarWingCloud]

Lol didn't realize how slow Pika was in the air.

 

[8Bitman]

I'll be back when you unlock everyone... Missing alot.

 

[Tristan_win]

I apologize if I'm over looking something but hasn't this been made public in 'Smash 4 Aerial Speed List: Horizontal, Fall and Fastfall' thread? (Which I just noticed >.<)

Or is the purpose of this thread is to re-obtain the data to fact check? Which if it is then good on you! <3

 

[Indigo Jeans]

It's missing Lightweight Palutena, Bowser Jr. out of his car, and Hyper Monado Arts Shulk. Also imo setting time as your independent variable and distance as the dependent rather than the other way around is better. Speed = distance/time, and speed is essentially the same thing as slope, which is y/x. So naturally it makes more sense to measure the distance traveled against the duration of the leaf, which is constant. That isn't to say I'm trying to discredit his data (his and mine are pretty close). It's just that to me it makes more sense to calculate the value like this.

I'll be back when you unlock everyone... Missing alot.

If you don't count Mii Fighters and Mewtwo, I'm only missing 8 characters... I wouldn't say it's terribly incomplete.

 

[Djent]

This list lacks

EDIT: Apparently I lack careful reading.

 

[Aunt Jemima]

I'll go cry in the corner now.

 

[ぱみゅ]

This list lacks

And Miis but that's what the WIP title adverts of, right?

 

[CURRY]

Deep Breathing Wii Fit Trainer? I never knew that it actually makes a difference.
Does it make a difference?
We finally see MK's air speed actually fit with the fact that he has wings though. His slow air speed was one of his exploitable weaknesses in Brawl, which was... weird.
Also Indigo, nice sweater.

 

[Lavani]

Good stuff.

Waiting warmly to see how Miis compare.

 

[Indigo Jeans]

Updated with the missing unlockable characters. Also updated with some Miis.

So, considering there are 9 different "benchmarks" of attribute combinations for Miis (Tall, standard height, short; wide, standard width, thin), I wanted to see if I could save myself a lot of time and trouble by checking which attributes affected air speed, if any. It is obvious that the shorter and thinner a Mii, the higher their air speed. Additionally, shorter and thinner Miis seem to have lower traction.

Considering all of this and how incredibly exhausting it would be to test for 27 additional characters, I'm going to just update as I go along, and won't add in the rankings until I've completed all the Miis.

Edit: @ CURRY - It's known that Deep Breathing increases Wii Fit Trainer's weight (and might increase running speed?), so I included it here despite it not affecting air speed in case any WFT mains were curious about it. Just covering all of my bases.

Also thank you it does look flattering on me doesnt it

 

[RascalTheCharizard]

Dark Pit's airspeed is slightly lower than Pit's? Interesting. DP keeps looking worse with every discovery lol. Arrows are far less versatile, his Ftilt KOs so much later that it isn't practical IMO (unlike Pit), his airspeed is lower, etc.

 

[Indigo Jeans]

Doesnt Dark Pit have higher weight and damage output though? He cant be all that bad but to be honest I dont really know

 

[Lavani]

Dark Pit's airspeed is slightly lower than Pit's? Interesting. DP keeps looking worse with every discovery lol. Arrows are far less versatile, his Ftilt KOs so much later that it isn't practical IMO (unlike Pit), his airspeed is lower, etc.

Oh man I didn't even notice this at first.

As if it wasn't hard enough being everyone's least favorite clone character.

 

[Masonomace]

Fantastic data to the max Indigo~

Upon learning about Shield Shulk having the exact same air speed as King DDD is very educational. People weren't kidding about Dr. Mario having worse air speed than Mario either. . .I'm surprised at the difference of air speed between them & am slightly shocked that Dark Pit's air speed is barely slower than Pit as well.

I had a good feeling Hyper Jump Shulk was going to be in the top 5 of fastest air speeds, & expected Hyper Speed Shulk to be #1, but I was off. The most interesting part imo is that without Customs involved & accounting for standard characters, the short & thin Mii Brawler is a close 2nd to Jump Shulk. Very nice.

 

[RascalTheCharizard]

Doesnt Dark Pit have higher weight and damage output though? He cant be all that bad but to be honest I dont really know

Well according to the weight data thread here in the Academy, Pit and DP have the same weight.

His arrows and Electroshock Arm do more damage than Pit's equivalents, but not by much. This thread lists Electrochock Arm as doing 0.5% more damage than Pit's Upperdash Arm and his arrows as doing 0.58% more damage uncharged and 1.625% more when fully charged.

 

[Indigo Jeans]

Updated with all of the Mii Brawler benchmarks' values.

Things to note:
-standard = greninja
-standard wide = mega man
-tall thin = bowser jr/duck hunt/sheik
-tall wide has its own speed tier (at the moment) between zelda and little mac
-A short, wide mii has the same aerial mobility as a standard, thin mii. This suggests that height has a larger impact on air speed than width

I'll begin gathering swordfighter values now but it might take some time, especially seeing as Im stuck on mobile

 

[Masonomace]

(Oh nice Mii Brawler values update!)
Hey Indigo did the Decisive Monado Arts slightly change the results for Jump Speed & Shield mode? Because Decisive Arts are slightly stronger than default Monado Arts, perhaps DJump might be faster than Jump & DShield might be slower than Shield mode

EDIT: Also, Happy Holidays~

 

[KuroganeHammer]

Dark Pit SHOULDN'T be slower than Pit considering his Run/Walk speed and weight is the same.

Excellent topic btw! Thank you Sir @ Indigo Jeans !

 

[Indigo Jeans]

(Oh nice Mii Brawler values update!)
Hey Indigo did the Decisive Monado Arts slightly change the results for Jump Speed & Shield mode? Because Decisive Arts are slightly stronger than default Monado Arts, perhaps DJump might be faster than Jump & DShield might be slower than Shield mode

EDIT: Also, Happy Holidays~

Ah man somehow it didnt occur to me that DArts would also be different from standard Arts. Thanks for the heads up! I'll probably have those and some gunner values up tonight.

Dark Pit SHOULDN'T be slower than Pit considering his Run/Walk speed and weight is the same.

Excellent topic btw! Thank you Sir @ Indigo Jeans !

I'll retest it! Their distances were 0.25 units apart so I might have made a mistake.

 

[san.]

These changes really help signify which characters feel buffed even without much of a moveset overhaul such as Mario. In Brawl, Sheik was as slow as Ganondorf in the air and Marth was comparatively faster compared to the rest of the cast. The overall faster cast makes aerial zoning somewhat harder in this game.

 

[Locuan]

This is incredible data @ Indigo Jeans . Great work! The most surprising thing to me was that all the characters I use in Smash 4 fall in the same or within the same air speed categories /. That's probably a completely random occurrence. Anyways, I had no idea had differences in air speed after using deep breathing.

Also, that was a very ingenious way to test. How did the testing parameters evolve from when you had the idea to test this out to the final product?

 

[KuroganeHammer]

@ Indigo Jeans separate buffs/debuffs/miis from the main list imo

 

[Indigo Jeans]

This is incredible data @ Indigo Jeans . Great work! The most surprising thing to me was that all the characters I use in Smash 4 fall in the same or within the same air speed categories /. That's probably a completely random occurrence. Anyways, I had no idea had differences in air speed after using deep breathing.

Also, that was a very ingenious way to test. How did the testing parameters evolve from when you had the idea to test this out to the final product?

I myself ended up surprised at Robin's air speed. I play around with them and Lucina from time to time and I always felt Robin was just as slow in the air as he was on the ground. He definitely didn't feel as mobile as Lucina.

Also, Wii Fit Trainer doesn't actually change in airs speed with deep breathing (by any discernible amount anyway). I know deep breathing changes her weight, so I included it there just to cover my bases despite it keeping the same values, like I did with Buster and Smash Shulk. That's why I put it in parentheses.

As for testing, when I started out, I had no idea how I was going to do this. Since I began work on this project a few weeks before the Wii U version, I didn't have customs available. I initially had characters run off from the top of Tomodachi Life and time how long it took them to die off of a blastline, but it's painfully obvious how and why this was terribly flawed, so I didn't bother. After that, someone in a skype chat suggested I use a super leaf, so I can't claim that stroke of genius as my own. With that, I tested by having characters hover over Balloon Fight, since you can do laps around it, but that was really bad as well. I ended up only collecting the values for Yoshi and Jigglypuff before putting the project on hold. Once the Wii U version came out, I got it a few weeks later, and started it like this.

@ Indigo Jeans separate buffs/debuffs/miis from the main list imo

I already separated Miis and customs from the standard list, so do you mean I should separate stat changes as well, like Shulk and Bowser Jr's?

 

[KuroganeHammer]

Oh you did too

Also yes imo

 

[san.]

Is it possible to get speed values for at least standard Mii Gunner and Swordsman?

 

[Indigo Jeans]

Got back home late last night and Im heading to work in a few minutes. I'll update with some more Mii values when I get back.

 

[Yonder]

All this time I thought Doc was really slow in the air and Mac was slower than even Luigi in the air. Huh.

 

[Indigo Jeans]

Standard Mii Gunner = Ike, Pac-man, Shulk (0.8000)

Standard Mii Swordsman = Bowser, Ness, Toon Link, Villager (0.7250)

 

[Kofu]

Minor typo, but you put Standard Mii Swordfighter in as Mii Gunner.

 

[Sinister Slush]

I could've sworn Yoshi was 4th when I saw this.
Kinda spooky knowing he has the highest now paired with Jiggly.

 

[Indigo Jeans]

I could've sworn Yoshi was 4th when I saw this.
Kinda spooky knowing he has the highest now paired with Jiggly.

But... Yoshi has always had sanic air speed. He's been top three in every game, top two if you don't count stat changes changes.

HE WAS NUMBER ONE! in all three region-specific versions of Smash 64

He was tied for second with Mewtwo in Melee, third if you counted Giga Bowser

HE WAS NUMBER ONE! once again in Brawl.

 

[Sinister Slush]

I might've mixed up your list with trifroze.

 

[Xygonn]

I hate to make a request but could you also do "Samus (morph ball after dropping bomb)". I feel like it's about the same as Megaman.

Edit: Nevermind. Probably not compatible with your test procedure.

 

[Indigo Jeans]

Hmmm... I'll see if I can at least get a rough number, because it's something I totally forgot but is definitely of interest.

 

[Toomai]

Hello.

ID|Char|Air Accel?|Air Deccel?|Airspeed|F23|Gravity?|Fall Speed?|Vert Friction?|Fastfall Speed?
0|Mii Brawler|0.058|0.01|1.2|0.015|0.1|1.7|0.015|2.72
1|Mii Swordfighter|0.04|0.01|0.96|0.0038|0.096|1.6|0.0038|2.56
2|Mii Gunner|0.07|0.01|1.05|0.01|0.08715|1.45|0.015|2.32
3|Mario|0.07|0.01|1.15|0.015|0.08715|1.5|0.015|2.4
4|Donkey Kong|0.05|0.01|1.15|0.015|0.08505|1.63|0.015|2.608
5|Link|0.04|0.01|0.88|0.0038|0.096|1.6|0.0038|3.04
6|Samus|0.05|0.04|0.95|0.0075|0.075|1.25|0.0075|2
7|Yoshi|0.068|0.03|1.28|0.005|0.08|1.29|0.00975|2.064
8|Kirby|0.065|0.03|0.8|0.015|0.06405|1.23|0.015|1.968
9|Fox|0.08|0.01|0.96|0.015|0.19|2.05|0.015|3.28
10|Pikachu|0.09|0.01|0.9118|0.0075|0.095|1.55|0.0075|2.48
11|Luigi|0.075|0|0.73418|0.0075|0.075|1.25|0.0075|2
12|Captain Falcon|0.065|0.01|1.1|0.0075|0.12|1.837|0.0075|2.9392
13|Ness|0.09|0.01|0.9588|0.0225|0.077|1.31|0.0225|2.096
14|Peach|0.1|0.01|0.95|0.01|0.068|1.15|0.01|1.84
15|Bowser|0.04|0.01|0.98|0.0075|0.11|1.39|0.0075|2.224
16|Zelda|0.055|0.01|1.04|0.006|0.071|1.35|0.006|2.16
17|Sheik|0.08|0.01|1.1|0.015|0.15|1.75|0.03|2.8
18|Marth|0.07|0.01|1.02|0.00375|0.075|1.58|0.00375|2.528
19|Mr. Game & Watch|0.03|0.07|1.12|0.012|0.08|1.24|0.012|1.984
20|Ganondorf|0.03|0.01|0.79|0.015|0.10784|1.65|0.015|2.64
21|Falco|0.07|0.01|0.893|0.01|0.13|1.8|0.013|2.88
22|Wario|0.08|0.04|1.21|0.04|0.092|1.61|0.006|2.576
23|Meta Knight|0.065|0.01|0.99|0.012|0.11|1.66|0.015|2.656
24|Pit|0.065|0.01|0.89|0.008|0.081|1.48|0.008|2.368
25|Zero Suit Samus|0.085|0.01|1.2|0.008|0.12|1.7|0.5|2.72
26|Olimar|0.07|0.01|0.82|0.015|0.068|1.35|0.015|2.16
27|Diddy Kong|0.05|0|0.88|0.008|0.105|1.75|0.016|2.8
28|King Dedede|0.04|0.01|0.658|0.006|0.08788|1.95|0.006|3.12
29|Ike|0.04|0.01|1.08|0.009|0.092|1.65|0.009|2.64
30|Lucario|0.07|0|1.01|0.005|0.084|1.56|0.005|2.496
31|R.O.B.|0.045|0.04|1.08|0.015|0.09|1.6|0.02|2.56
32|Toon Link|0.08|0.01|0.94|0.01|0.079|1.28|0.01|2.048
33|Charizard|0.05|0.01|0.87|0.008|0.11|1.4|0.008|2.24
34|Sonic|0.04|0.01|1.15|0.01|0.09|1.45|0.01|2.32
35|Jigglypuff|0.08|0.05|1.269|0.0375|0.05309|0.98|0.0375|1.568
36|Dr. Mario|0.07|0.01|1.15|0.015|0.08715|1.5|0.015|2.4
37|Lucina|0.07|0.01|1.02|0.00375|0.075|1.58|0.00375|2.528
38|Dark Pit|0.065|0.01|0.89|0.008|0.081|1.48|0.008|2.368
39|Rosalina|0.1|0.01|1|0.01|0.062|1.2|0.01|1.92
40|Wii Fit Trainer|0.08|0.01|0.97|0.01|0.09|1.3|0.01|2.08
41|Little Mac|0.028|0.01|1|0.0075|0.08|1.8|0.0075|2.88
42|Villager|0.05|0.01|0.94|0.01|0.078|1.32|0.01|2.112
43|Palutena|0.1|0.01|0.91|0.01|0.105|1.4|0.01|2.24
44|Robin|0.07|0.01|1|0.007|0.089|1.5|0.00375|2.4
45|Duck Hunt|0.07|0.01|1.1|0.015|0.076|1.65|0.015|2.64
46|Bowser Jr.|0.07|0.01|1.08|0.015|0.092|1.65|0.015|2.64
47|Shulk|0.04|0.01|1.06|0.009|0.085|1.5|0.009|2.4
48|Greninja|0.07|0.01|1.18|0.015|0.18|1.85|0.015|2.96
49|Pac-Man|0.07|0.01|1.04|0.015|0.072|1.35|0.015|2.16
50|Mega Man|0.1|0.01|1.1|0.05|0.1071|1.8|0.01|2.88
51|Giga Bowser|0.025|0.02|1.22|0.008|0.198|2.5|0.0075|4
52|Wario-Man|0.3|0.04|1.69|0.08|0.1071|2.2|0.006|3.08
53|Giga Mac|0.04|0.01|1.7|0.015|0.12|2.2|0.0075|3.52
54|Mega Lucario|0.07|0|1.04|0.005|0.084|1.56|0.005|2.496
55|???|0.07|0.01|1.15|0.015|0.09|1.7|0.015|2.72
56|???|0.04|0.01|0.9|0.004|0.096|1.6|0.0038|2.56
57|???|0.07|0.01|1.15|0.015|0.087|1.45|0.015|2.32

I don't know what F23 is, but it's related to horizontal airspeed somehow because it's one of the hooks for Glider/Antiglide equipment.